{"id":3473,"date":"2019-02-09T22:58:02","date_gmt":"2019-02-09T22:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/?p=3473"},"modified":"2019-09-05T09:20:09","modified_gmt":"2019-09-05T09:20:09","slug":"call-i-you-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/call-i-you-japanese\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Call \u201cI\u201d and \u201cYou\u201d in Japanese?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Probably you learned that \u201cI = <\/i>\u308f\u305f\u3057(watashi)<\/em>, you = <\/i>\u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>\u201d<\/i>. It\u2019s correct, but not always appropriate. It\u2019s because not only Japanese often omit the subject, but also personal pronouns are not used as often as in English.<\/p>\n

So when Japanese people call someone, what do they use instead of personal pronouns?<\/p>\n

To answer this question, you need to understand two categories, \u201cTerms for self\u201d and \u201cAddress term\u201d.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

[Terms for self = I]<\/b><\/h4>\n

\u201cTerms for self\u201d is the concept of words that the speaker refer to themselves.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It includes personal pronoun \u201cI\u201d, \u308f\u305f\u3057(watashi)<\/em>, \u50d5(boku)<\/em>, \u4ffa(ore)<\/em>\u2026etc.,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

and also \u201cmother\u201d \u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093(ok\u0101san)<\/em>, \u201cuncle\u201d \u304a\u3058\u3055\u3093(ojisan)<\/em>, \u201cteacher\u201d \u5148\u751f(sensei)<\/em>, \u201cYumi\u201d \u7531\u7f8e (name of the person)\u2026 etc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

[Address term = You]<\/b><\/h4>\n

Address term is the concept of words that the speaker refer to the listener.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

It includes personal pronoun \u201cYou\u201d, \u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>, \u541b(kimi)<\/em>, \u8cb4\u69d8(kisama)<\/em>\u2026etc.,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

and also \u201cmother\u201d \u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093(ok\u0101san)<\/em>, \u201cuncle\u201d \u304a\u3058\u3055\u3093(ojisan)<\/em>, \u201cteacher\u201d \u5148\u751f(sensei)<\/em>, \u201cYumi\u201d \u7531\u7f8e (name of the person)\u2026 etc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Did you notice that \u201cmother, uncle, teacher\u2026etc\u201d are in both categories? Yes, they can be both \u201cI\u201d and \u201cyou\u201d.<\/p>\n

In Japanese, \u201cI\u201d and \u201cyou\u201d are determined by who the speaker is talking to.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Here is a example of a man, 40 years old teacher, the ways he call himself and others.<\/p>\n

\"I<\/a><\/p>\n

*Green texts are \u201cTerms for self = I\u201d, and blue texts are\u00a0“Address term = You\".<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Example 1:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When a mother talk to her son and refer to herself, she can call herself \u201c\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093(ok\u0101san)<\/em>\u201d = mother.<\/p>\n

\u300c\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/strong>\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u306b\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u306b\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u306d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u201cI<\/strong>\u2019m going shopping to supermarket now.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Example 2:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When a boy talk to his mum and refer to her, he call her \u201c\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093(ok\u0101san)<\/em>\u201d = mother.<\/p>\n

\u300c\u304a\u6bcd\u3055\u3093<\/strong>\u306a\u3093\u3066\u5acc\u3044\uff01\u300d<\/p>\n

\u201cI hate you<\/strong>!\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rules to select “I\" and “You\"<\/h3>\n

So, how they choose which \u201cI\u201d and \u201cyou\u2019 to use?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[Rules among family]<\/h4>\n

Here is the rules among family.<\/p>\n

The rule is based on the concept of senior ans junior.<\/span><\/p>\n

senior<\/span>: elder brother, elder sister, father, mother, uncle, aunt, grand mother, grand father<\/p>\n

junior<\/span>: younger brother, younger sister, son, daughter, nephew, niece, grandchild\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

*husband and wife are equal in general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nto senior<\/strong><\/td>\nto junior<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Address term<\/strong>
\n\u00a0“You\"<\/strong><\/td>\n		personal pronoun (you: \u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>, \u541b(kimi)<\/em>)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
call by their family status (e.g. father, aunt)<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
call only their name<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Terms for self<\/strong>
\n\u00a0“I\"<\/strong><\/td>\n		refer to yourself by your name<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
refer to yourself from the junior\u2019s point of view<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

< Address term – You ><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. When you talk to juniors, you can use personal pronoun (you: \u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>, \u541b(kimi)<\/em>\u2026), but not to seniors.<\/p>\n

You cannot call your mother \u201c\u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>\u201d .<\/p>\n

2. When you talk to senior, you can call them by their family status like \u304a\u3058\u3044\u3061\u3083\u3093(oj\u012bchan)<\/em>=grand father, \u304a\u5144\u3061\u3083\u3093(on\u012bchan)<\/em>=elder brother), but not to junior.<\/p>\n

You cannot call your younger sister \u201c\u59b9(im\u014dto)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

3. When you talk to juniors, you can call only their name, but not to seniors.<\/p>\n

You cannot call your elder brother \u201c\u5065\u592a(Kenta)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

< Terms for self – I ><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.When you talk to senior, you can refer to yourself by your name, but not to junior.<\/p>\n

You cannot refer to yourself as \u201c\u660e\u83dc(Akina)<\/em> when you talk to your daughter.<\/p>\n

2.When you talk to juniors, you can refer to yourself from the junior\u2019s point of view, but not to senior.<\/p>\n

You can refer to yourself as \u201c\u304a\u5144\u3061\u3083\u3093(on\u012bchan)<\/em>\u201d when you talk to your younger brother, but you cannot refer to yourself as \u201c\u5f1f(ot\u014dto)<\/em>\u201d when you talk to your elder brother.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[Rules in the society]<\/h4>\n

These rules applies to the society outside family too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nto senior<\/strong><\/td>\nto junior<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Address term<\/strong>
\n“You\"<\/strong><\/td>\n		personal pronoun (you: \u3042\u306a\u305f(anata)<\/em>, \u541b(kimi)<\/em>)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
call by their status (e.g. teacher, director)<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
call only their name*<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Terms for self<\/strong>
\n“I\"<\/strong><\/td>\n		refer to yourself by your surname<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
refer to yourself by your status (e.g. teacher, director)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*For some cases, you canit’s allowed to just add “-san\" in the end of their name.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

There is also another usage to call family (e.g. Mother can call her son \u201c\u304a\u5144\u3061\u3083\u3093(on\u012bchan)<\/em>\u201d, means elder brother, in specific situation).<\/p>\n

It will be explained in the coming post!<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s learn a new language today! Join us at LingoCards<\/a>!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

reference: \u9234\u6728\u5b5d\u592b\u300c\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3068\u6587\u5316\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Probably you learned that…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[137],"class_list":["post-3473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japanese","tag-pronouns","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3473"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3553,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3473\/revisions\/3553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingo-apps.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}