現在形は英語で最も頻繁に使われる時制です。
まずは、基礎となるこの現在形の時制から学習していきましょう!
現在形は定期的に行われる行動、真実、習慣を動詞を使って表す時制です。
つまり、「〜は〜をします。」「〜は〜です。」といった一番シンプルな文章で使われます。
動詞の原形を使い、主語が三人称単数形 (he, she, it) の場合は、動詞の語尾に ‘-s’ もしくは ‘-es’ を付けます。
次のような場面で現在形は使われます。
注意:まさしく今現在起こっていること、行われていることを伝える際には現在形ではなく、現在進行形を使います。
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:主語 + 動詞
主語が he, she, it の場合:主語 + 動詞(-s/-es)
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:主語 + do + not + 動詞
主語が he, she, it の場合:主語 + does + not + 動詞
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:Do + 主語 + 動詞 + ?
主語が he, she, it の場合: Does + 主語 + 動詞 + ?
ポイント:動詞は原形を使います。
動詞の原形の語尾に ‘–s’ を付け加えます。
I come |
You come |
We come |
They come |
He comes |
She comes |
It comes |
‘–y’ を ‘-ies’ に変えます。
I try |
You try |
We try |
They try |
He tries |
She tries |
It tries |
動詞の原形の語尾に ‘-es’ を付け加えます。
I miss | I fizz | I catch | I brush | I fix |
You miss | You fizz | You catch | You brush | You fix |
We miss | We fizz | We catch | We brush | We fix |
They miss | They fizz | They catch | They brush | They fix |
He misses | He fizzes | He catches | He brushes | He fixes |
She misses | She fizzes | She catches | She brushes | She fixes |
It misses | It fizzes | It catches | It brushes | It fixes |
‘do’ と ‘go’ は語尾に ‘-es’ を付け加えます。
I do | I go |
You do | You go |
We do | We go |
They do | They go |
He does | He goes |
She does | She goes |
It does | It goes |
肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
I come to Bali every month. | I do not come to Bali every month. | Do you come to Bali every month?* |
They come to Bali every month. | They do not come to Bali every month. | Do they come to Bali every month? |
He comes to Bali every month. | He does not come to Bali every month. | Does he come to Bali every month? |
肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
I catch fishes every morning. | I do not catch fishes every morning. | Do you catch fishes every morning?* |
They catch fishes every morning. | They do not catch fishes every morning. | Do they catch fishes every morning? |
He catches fishes every morning. | He does not catch fishes every morning. | Does he catch fishes every morning? |
肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
I brush teeth twice a day. | I do not brush teeth twice a day. | Do you brush teeth twice a day?* |
They brush teeth twice a day. | They do not brush teeth twice a day. | Do they brush teeth twice a day? |
He brushes teeth twice a day. | He does not brush teeth twice a day. | Does he brush teeth twice a day? |
はい、あります。be動詞は以下のようなルールになります。
主語が I:主語 + am + …
主語が you, we, they:主語 + are + …
主語が he, she, it:主語 + is + …
主語が I:主語 + am + not + …
主語が you, we, they:主語 + are + not + …
主語が he, she, it:主語 + is + not + …
主語が I: Am + 主語 + … + ?
主語が you, we, they::Are + 主語 + … + ?
主語が he, she, it: Is + 主語 + … + ?
ポイント:「…」の部分は、名詞、形容詞、またはその他の品詞で置き換えることができます。
肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
I am happy. | I am not happy. | Are you happy?* |
They are happy. | They are not happy. | Are they happy? |
He is happy. | He is not happy. | Is he happy? |
肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
I am a teacher. | I am not a teacher. | Are you a teacher?* |
They are teachers. | They are not teachers. | Are they teachers? |
He is a teacher. | He is not a teacher. | Is he a teacher? |
いかがでしたか?
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