Simple Present Tense in English
現在形は英語で最も頻繁に使われる時制です。
まずは、基礎となるこの現在形の時制から学習していきましょう!
現在形は定期的に行われる行動、真実、習慣を動詞を使って表す時制です。
つまり、「〜は〜をします。」「〜は〜です。」といった一番シンプルな文章で使われます。
動詞の原形を使い、主語が三人称単数形 (he, she, it) の場合は、動詞の語尾に ‘-s’ もしくは ‘-es’ を付けます。
次のような場面で現在形は使われます。
注意:まさしく今現在起こっていること、行われていることを伝える際には現在形ではなく、現在進行形を使います。
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:主語 + 動詞
主語が he, she, it の場合:主語 + 動詞(-s/-es)
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:主語 + do + not + 動詞
主語が he, she, it の場合:主語 + does + not + 動詞
主語が he, she, it 以外すべて:Do + 主語 + 動詞 + ?
主語が he, she, it の場合: Does + 主語 + 動詞 + ?
ポイント:動詞は原形を使います。
動詞の原形の語尾に ‘–s’ を付け加えます。
| I come |
| You come |
| We come |
| They come |
| He comes |
| She comes |
| It comes |
‘–y’ を ‘-ies’ に変えます。
| I try |
| You try |
| We try |
| They try |
| He tries |
| She tries |
| It tries |
動詞の原形の語尾に ‘-es’ を付け加えます。
| I miss | I fizz | I catch | I brush | I fix |
| You miss | You fizz | You catch | You brush | You fix |
| We miss | We fizz | We catch | We brush | We fix |
| They miss | They fizz | They catch | They brush | They fix |
| He misses | He fizzes | He catches | He brushes | He fixes |
| She misses | She fizzes | She catches | She brushes | She fixes |
| It misses | It fizzes | It catches | It brushes | It fixes |
‘do’ と ‘go’ は語尾に ‘-es’ を付け加えます。
| I do | I go |
| You do | You go |
| We do | We go |
| They do | They go |
| He does | He goes |
| She does | She goes |
| It does | It goes |
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
| I come to Bali every month. | I do not come to Bali every month. | Do you come to Bali every month?* |
| They come to Bali every month. | They do not come to Bali every month. | Do they come to Bali every month? |
| He comes to Bali every month. | He does not come to Bali every month. | Does he come to Bali every month? |
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
| I catch fishes every morning. | I do not catch fishes every morning. | Do you catch fishes every morning?* |
| They catch fishes every morning. | They do not catch fishes every morning. | Do they catch fishes every morning? |
| He catches fishes every morning. | He does not catch fishes every morning. | Does he catch fishes every morning? |
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
| I brush teeth twice a day. | I do not brush teeth twice a day. | Do you brush teeth twice a day?* |
| They brush teeth twice a day. | They do not brush teeth twice a day. | Do they brush teeth twice a day? |
| He brushes teeth twice a day. | He does not brush teeth twice a day. | Does he brush teeth twice a day? |
はい、あります。be動詞は以下のようなルールになります。
主語が I:主語 + am + …
主語が you, we, they:主語 + are + …
主語が he, she, it:主語 + is + …
主語が I:主語 + am + not + …
主語が you, we, they:主語 + are + not + …
主語が he, she, it:主語 + is + not + …
主語が I: Am + 主語 + … + ?
主語が you, we, they::Are + 主語 + … + ?
主語が he, she, it: Is + 主語 + … + ?
ポイント:「…」の部分は、名詞、形容詞、またはその他の品詞で置き換えることができます。
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
| I am happy. | I am not happy. | Are you happy?* |
| They are happy. | They are not happy. | Are they happy? |
| He is happy. | He is not happy. | Is he happy? |
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 疑問文 |
| I am a teacher. | I am not a teacher. | Are you a teacher?* |
| They are teachers. | They are not teachers. | Are they teachers? |
| He is a teacher. | He is not a teacher. | Is he a teacher? |
いかがでしたか?
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