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第15課 英語のbe動詞の使い方ガイド<完全版>

To Be English, To Be, The Verb To Be
英語のbe動詞

英語のbe動詞は不規則変化が多く、覚えるのが大変ですよね。

けれど、本当によく使うので覚えないわけにはいきません。

これを読んで、be動詞をマスターしましょう!

 

現在形

(↑現在形について詳しく知りたい場合は上記をクリック)

肯定文 肯定文(短縮形) 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I am I’m I am not I’m not Am I?
You are You’re You are not You’re notYou aren’t Are you?
We are We’re We are not We’re notWe aren’t Are we?
They are They’re They are not They’re notThey aren’t Are they?
He is He’s He is not He’s notHe isn’t Is he?
She is She’s She is not She’s notShe isn’t Is she?
It is It’s It is not It’s notIt isn’t Is it?

メモ:

– ‘I am not’ の短縮形は ‘I’m not’ のみ。

– 肯定の疑問文には短縮形は存在しない。

 

過去形

肯定文 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I was I was not I wasn’t Was I?
You were You were not You weren’t Were you?
We were We were not We weren’t Were we?
They were They were not They weren’t Were they?
He was He was not He wasn’t Was he?
She was She was not She wasn’t Was she?
It was It was not It wasn’t Was it?

メモ: 肯定文と肯定の疑問文には短縮形は存在しない。

 

現在進行形

肯定文 肯定文(短縮形) 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I am + V(ing) I’m + V(ing) I am not + V(ing) I’m not + V(ing) Am I + V(ing)?
You are + V(ing) You’re + V(ing) You are not + V(ing) You’re not + V(ing)You aren’t + V(ing) Are you + V(ing)?
We are + V(ing) We’re + V(ing) We are not + V(ing) We’re not + V(ing)We aren’t + V(ing) Are we + V(ing)?
They are + V(ing) They’re + V(ing) They are not + V(ing) They’re not + V(ing)They aren’t + V(ing) Are they + V(ing)?
He is + V(ing) He’s + V(ing) He is not + V(ing) He’s not + V(ing)He isn’t + V(ing) Is he + V(ing)?
She is + V(ing) She’s + V(ing) She is not + V(ing) She’s not + V(ing)She isn’t + V(ing) Is she + V(ing)?
It is + V(ing) It’s + V(ing) It is not + V(ing) It’s not + V(ing)It isn’t + V(ing) Is it + V(ing)?

メモ: V=動詞(verb)という意味。V(ing) =動詞の原形 + ~ing。

 

過去進行形

肯定文 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I was + V(ing) I was not + V(ing) I wasn’t + V(ing) Was I + V(ing)?
You were + V(ing) You were not + V(ing) You weren’t + V(ing) Were you + V(ing)?
We were + V(ing) We were not + V(ing) We weren’t + V(ing) Were we + V(ing)?
They were + V(ing) They were not + V(ing) They weren’t + V(ing) Were they + V(ing)?
He was + V(ing) He was not + V(ing) He wasn’t + V(ing) Was he + V(ing)?
She was + V(ing) She was not + V(ing) She wasn’t + V(ing) Was she + V(ing)?
It was + V(ing) It was not + V(ing) It wasn’t + V(ing) Was it + V(ing)?

メモ: V=動詞(verb)という意味。V(ing) =動詞の原形 + ~ing。

 

 

現在完了形

肯定文 肯定文(短縮形) 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I have been I’ve been I have not been I haven’t been Have I been?
You have been You’ve been You have not been You haven’t been Have you been?
We have been We’ve been We have not been We haven’t been Have we been?
They have been They’ve been They have not been They haven’t been Have they been?
He has been He’s been He has not been He hasn’t been Has he been?
She has been She’s been She has not been She hasn’t been Has she been?
It has been It’s been It has not been It hasn’t been Has it been?

 

過去完了形

肯定文 肯定文 (短縮形) 否定文 否定文(短縮形) 疑問文
I had been I’d been I had not been I hadn’t been Had I been?
You had been You’d been You had not been You hadn’t been Had you been?
We had been We’d been We had not been We hadn’t been Had we been?
They had been They’d been They had not been They hadn’t been Had they been?
He had been He’d been He had not been He hadn’t been Had he been?
She had been She’d been She had not been She hadn’t been Had she been?
It had been It’d been It had not been It hadn’t been Had it been?

メモ: 過去完了形の文の構造はイレギュラー。主語 + had + been

 

Yes/No で答えられる疑問文

ここまでの表を見てお気づきでしょうか?

シンプルに “Yes/No” で答えられる疑問文を作るのはとても簡単で、肯定文の主語と動詞をひっくり返すだけでできます。

例:

肯定文:They are Chinese.

疑問文:Are they Chinese?

 

肯定文: She was a nurse three years ago.

疑問文: Was she a nurse three years ago?

 

この疑問文の答えはこうなります。

肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, they are (Yes, they’re).

否定 (No) の答え: No, they are not (No, they’re not or No, they aren’t).

 

肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, she was.

否定 (No) の答え: No, she was not (No, she wasn’t).

 

注意: 質問に答える時に ‘you’ を ‘I’ に変えるのをお忘れなく。

疑問文: Are you a dog lover?

肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, I am.

否定 (No) の答え: No. I am not (No, I’m not).

 

 

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