The Verb To Be English
英語のbe動詞は不規則変化が多く、覚えるのが大変ですよね。
けれど、本当によく使うので覚えないわけにはいきません。
これを読んで、be動詞をマスターしましょう！
（↑現在形について詳しく知りたい場合は上記をクリック）
| 肯定文 | 肯定文（短縮形） | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I am | I’m | I am not | I’m not | Am I? |
| You are | You’re | You are not | You’re notYou aren’t | Are you? |
| We are | We’re | We are not | We’re notWe aren’t | Are we? |
| They are | They’re | They are not | They’re notThey aren’t | Are they? |
| He is | He’s | He is not | He’s notHe isn’t | Is he? |
| She is | She’s | She is not | She’s notShe isn’t | Is she? |
| It is | It’s | It is not | It’s notIt isn’t | Is it? |
メモ:
– ‘I am not’ の短縮形は ‘I’m not’ のみ。
– 肯定の疑問文には短縮形は存在しない。
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I was | I was not | I wasn’t | Was I? |
| You were | You were not | You weren’t | Were you? |
| We were | We were not | We weren’t | Were we? |
| They were | They were not | They weren’t | Were they? |
| He was | He was not | He wasn’t | Was he? |
| She was | She was not | She wasn’t | Was she? |
| It was | It was not | It wasn’t | Was it? |
メモ: 肯定文と肯定の疑問文には短縮形は存在しない。
| 肯定文 | 肯定文（短縮形） | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I am + V(ing) | I’m + V(ing) | I am not + V(ing) | I’m not + V(ing) | Am I + V(ing)? |
| You are + V(ing) | You’re + V(ing) | You are not + V(ing) | You’re not + V(ing)You aren’t + V(ing) | Are you + V(ing)? |
| We are + V(ing) | We’re + V(ing) | We are not + V(ing) | We’re not + V(ing)We aren’t + V(ing) | Are we + V(ing)? |
| They are + V(ing) | They’re + V(ing) | They are not + V(ing) | They’re not + V(ing)They aren’t + V(ing) | Are they + V(ing)? |
| He is + V(ing) | He’s + V(ing) | He is not + V(ing) | He’s not + V(ing)He isn’t + V(ing) | Is he + V(ing)? |
| She is + V(ing) | She’s + V(ing) | She is not + V(ing) | She’s not + V(ing)She isn’t + V(ing) | Is she + V(ing)? |
| It is + V(ing) | It’s + V(ing) | It is not + V(ing) | It’s not + V(ing)It isn’t + V(ing) | Is it + V(ing)? |
メモ: V＝動詞(verb)という意味。V(ing) ＝動詞の原形 + ~ing。
| 肯定文 | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I was + V(ing) | I was not + V(ing) | I wasn’t + V(ing) | Was I + V(ing)? |
| You were + V(ing) | You were not + V(ing) | You weren’t + V(ing) | Were you + V(ing)? |
| We were + V(ing) | We were not + V(ing) | We weren’t + V(ing) | Were we + V(ing)? |
| They were + V(ing) | They were not + V(ing) | They weren’t + V(ing) | Were they + V(ing)? |
| He was + V(ing) | He was not + V(ing) | He wasn’t + V(ing) | Was he + V(ing)? |
| She was + V(ing) | She was not + V(ing) | She wasn’t + V(ing) | Was she + V(ing)? |
| It was + V(ing) | It was not + V(ing) | It wasn’t + V(ing) | Was it + V(ing)? |
メモ: V＝動詞(verb)という意味。V(ing) ＝動詞の原形 + ~ing。
| 肯定文 | 肯定文（短縮形） | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I have been | I’ve been | I have not been | I haven’t been | Have I been? |
| You have been | You’ve been | You have not been | You haven’t been | Have you been? |
| We have been | We’ve been | We have not been | We haven’t been | Have we been? |
| They have been | They’ve been | They have not been | They haven’t been | Have they been? |
| He has been | He’s been | He has not been | He hasn’t been | Has he been? |
| She has been | She’s been | She has not been | She hasn’t been | Has she been? |
| It has been | It’s been | It has not been | It hasn’t been | Has it been? |
| 肯定文 | 肯定文 （短縮形） | 否定文 | 否定文（短縮形） | 疑問文 |
| I had been | I’d been | I had not been | I hadn’t been | Had I been? |
| You had been | You’d been | You had not been | You hadn’t been | Had you been? |
| We had been | We’d been | We had not been | We hadn’t been | Had we been? |
| They had been | They’d been | They had not been | They hadn’t been | Had they been? |
| He had been | He’d been | He had not been | He hadn’t been | Had he been? |
| She had been | She’d been | She had not been | She hadn’t been | Had she been? |
| It had been | It’d been | It had not been | It hadn’t been | Had it been? |
メモ: 過去完了形の文の構造はイレギュラー。主語 + had + been
ここまでの表を見てお気づきでしょうか？
シンプルに “Yes/No” で答えられる疑問文を作るのはとても簡単で、肯定文の主語と動詞をひっくり返すだけでできます。
例：
肯定文:They are Chinese.
疑問文:Are they Chinese?
肯定文: She was a nurse three years ago.
疑問文: Was she a nurse three years ago?
この疑問文の答えはこうなります。
肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, they are (Yes, they’re).
否定 (No) の答え: No, they are not (No, they’re not or No, they aren’t).
肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, she was.
否定 (No) の答え: No, she was not (No, she wasn’t).
注意： 質問に答える時に ‘you’ を ‘I’ に変えるのをお忘れなく。
疑問文: Are you a dog lover?
肯定 (Yes) の答え: Yes, I am.
否定 (No) の答え: No. I am not (No, I’m not).
いかがでしたか？
もっと英語を学びたい！と思ったら、LingoCardsをチェック！